Back علم النفس الأخلاقي Arabic Moralpsychologie German Morala psikologio Esperanto Psicología moral Spanish روان‌شناسی اخلاقی Persian Moraalipsykologia Finnish Psychologie morale French Psikologi moral ID Psicologia morale Italian 도덕심리학 Korean

Moral psychology

Moral psychology is a field of study in both philosophy and psychology. Historically, the term "moral psychology" was used relatively narrowly to refer to the study of moral development.[1][2] Moral psychology eventually came to refer more broadly to various topics at the intersection of ethics, psychology, and philosophy of mind.[3][4][5] Some of the main topics of the field are moral judgment, moral reasoning, moral sensitivity, moral responsibility, moral motivation, moral identity, moral action, moral development, moral diversity, moral character (especially as related to virtue ethics), altruism, psychological egoism, moral luck, moral forecasting, moral emotion, affective forecasting, and moral disagreement.[6][7]

Today, moral psychology is a thriving area of research spanning many disciplines,[8] with major bodies of research on the biological,[9][10] cognitive/computational[11][12][13] and cultural[14][15] basis of moral judgment and behavior, and a growing body of research on moral judgment in the context of artificial intelligence.[16][17]

  1. ^ Haidt, Jonathan; Kesebir, Selin (2010). "Morality". In Fiske, S; Gilbert, D; Lindzey, G (eds.). Handbook of Social Psychology (PDF) (5 ed.). Hoboken NJ: Wiley. pp. 797–832.
  2. ^ Lapsley, Daniel K. (1996). Moral Psychology. Developmental psychology series. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-3032-7.
  3. ^ Doris, John; Stich, Stephen (2008), Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), "Moral Psychology: Empirical Approaches", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
  4. ^ Wallace, R. Jay (November 29, 2007). "Moral Psychology". In Jackson, Frank; Smith, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy. OUP Oxford. pp. 86–113. ISBN 978-0-19-923476-9. Moral psychology is the study of morality in its psychological dimensions
  5. ^ Ellemers, Naomi; van der Toorn, Jojanneke; Paunov, Yavor; van Leeuwen, Thed (18 January 2019). "The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 23 (4): 332–366. doi:10.1177/1088868318811759. ISSN 1088-8683. PMC 6791030. PMID 30658545.
  6. ^ Doris & Stich 2008, §1.
  7. ^ Teper, R.; Inzlicht, M.; Page-Gould, E. (2011). "Are we more moral than we think?: Exploring the role of affect in moral behavior and moral forecasting". Psychological Science. 22 (4): 553–558. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1033.5192. doi:10.1177/0956797611402513. PMID 21415242. S2CID 206585532.
  8. ^ Doris & Stich (2008), §1.
  9. ^ Sevinc, Gunes; Spreng, R. Nathan; Soriano-Mas, Carles (4 February 2014). "Contextual and Perceptual Brain Processes Underlying Moral Cognition: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Moral Reasoning and Moral Emotions". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e87427. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...987427S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087427. PMC 3913597. PMID 24503959.
  10. ^ Moll, Jorge; Zahn, Roland; de Oliveira-Souza, Ricardo; Krueger, Frank; Grafman, Jordan (October 2005). "The neural basis of human moral cognition". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 6 (10): 799–809. doi:10.1038/nrn1768. PMID 16276356. S2CID 2915834.
  11. ^ Kleiman-Weiner, Max; Saxe, Rebecca; Tenenbaum, Joshua B. (October 2017). "Learning a commonsense moral theory". Cognition. 167: 107–123. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.005. hdl:1721.1/118457. PMID 28351662. S2CID 3184506.
  12. ^ Cushman, Fiery (16 July 2013). "Action, Outcome, and Value". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 17 (3): 273–292. doi:10.1177/1088868313495594. PMID 23861355. S2CID 18501147.
  13. ^ Crockett, Molly J. (August 2013). "Models of morality". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 17 (8): 363–366. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.005. PMC 3925799. PMID 23845564.
  14. ^ Henrich, Joseph; Boyd, Robert; Bowles, Samuel; Camerer, Colin; Fehr, Ernst; Gintis, Herbert; McElreath, Richard; Alvard, Michael; Barr, Abigail; Ensminger, Jean; Henrich, Natalie Smith; Hill, Kim; Gil-White, Francisco; Gurven, Michael; Marlowe, Frank W.; Patton, John Q.; Tracer, David (22 December 2005). ""Economic man" in cross-cultural perspective: Behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 28 (6): 795–815. doi:10.1017/S0140525X05000142. PMID 16372952. S2CID 3194574.
  15. ^ Purzycki, Benjamin Grant; Apicella, Coren; Atkinson, Quentin D.; Cohen, Emma; McNamara, Rita Anne; Willard, Aiyana K.; Xygalatas, Dimitris; Norenzayan, Ara; Henrich, Joseph (10 February 2016). "Moralistic gods, supernatural punishment and the expansion of human sociality" (PDF). Nature. 530 (7590): 327–330. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..327P. doi:10.1038/nature16980. PMID 26863190. S2CID 205247725.
  16. ^ Awad, Edmond; Dsouza, Sohan; Kim, Richard; Schulz, Jonathan; Henrich, Joseph; Shariff, Azim; Bonnefon, Jean-François; Rahwan, Iyad (24 October 2018). "The Moral Machine experiment". Nature. 563 (7729): 59–64. Bibcode:2018Natur.563...59A. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0637-6. hdl:10871/39187. PMID 30356211. S2CID 53029241.
  17. ^ Bonnefon, J.-F.; Shariff, A.; Rahwan, I. (23 June 2016). "The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles". Science. 352 (6293): 1573–1576. arXiv:1510.03346. Bibcode:2016Sci...352.1573B. doi:10.1126/science.aaf2654. PMID 27339987. S2CID 35400794.

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